How do we measure the elements of the climate?

Instrument: Rain gauge
How it works: A cylindrical container collects rainfall. The depth of water collected (usually in millimeters) indicates the amount of precipitation.
Unit: Millimeters (mm) or inches

Instruments:
- Anemometer – measures wind speed
- Wind vane (or weather vane) – shows wind direction
How it works:
- An anemometer has cups or propellers that spin faster with stronger winds.
- A wind vane points in the direction the wind is coming from.
Units:
- Speed: km/h, m/s, or knots
- Direction: Compass directions (e.g., N, SW)

Instrument: Thermometer
How it works: Thermometers use liquid (like mercury or alcohol) or electronic sensors to detect how hot or cold it is.
Units: Degrees Celsius (°C), Fahrenheit (°F), or Kelvin (K)

Instrument: Barometer
How it works: A barometer measures the weight of the air (air pressure). It may use mercury or aneroid (mechanical) sensors.
Units: Hectopascals (hPa) or millibars (mb) (1 hPa = 1 mb)